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According with attached info (C8.1) need help answer the following:

Translate Swoboda’s financial statements into U.S. dollars in accordance with U.S. GAAP at December 31, Year 2:

1. Assuming the Polish zloty is the functional currency. (The December 31, Year 1, retained earnings that appeared in Swoboda’s translated financial statements was $56,250. The December 31, Year 1, cumulative translation adjustment that appeared in Swoboda’s translated balance sheet was negative $506,250.)
2. Assuming the U.S. dollar is the functional currency. (The December 31, Year 1, retained earnings that appeared in Swoboda’s remeasured financial statements was $882,500.)
3. The same as (1) except Swoboda has no long-term debt. Instead, Swoboda has common stock of PLN 10,000,000 and additional paid-in capital of PLN 25,000,000. The December 31, Year 1, retained earnings that appeared in Swoboda’s remeasured financial statements was negative $367,500.
4. Explain why the sign of the translation adjustments in (1), (2), and (3) is positive or negative.